Effects of Uv Rays Essays - 1525 Words

Effects of UV Rays Agnes Berisha Baker College of Auburn Hills July 8, 2010 CONFIRMATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certified that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Signature: ________________________________________ There are more benefits that come with the exposure to the sun than harm. Vitamin D that our body produces when we are exposed to the sun is very efficient in curing so many diseases. It protects from arthritis, diabetes, infectious diseases,†¦show more content†¦In the research from as early as 1941 it has been found that people that live in the places with less sun are more likely to develop cancer. Other resources from later days, 1980’s and 1990’s show the same results as well, and provide more information to, which cancer should we worry about. Recent studies also prove that vitamin D deficiency increases other cancer as esophagus, pancreas and leukemia (Holick, 2008). Obesity would be another big problem that we have in United States, it is seen even in young kids. Dr. Shalamar Sibley, the researcher who performs the study, placed 38 obese men and women on the diet program and discovered that people with higher levels of Vitamin D lost half pound more than those with the lower levels of Vitamin D (Huff, 2010). In a clinical study from April 2000 is revealed that patients that couldn’t walk due to the chronic fatigue and body weakness became capable of movement without any problems just after 6 weeks of taking 50,000 IU of Vitamin D per week. The study also suggests anywhere between 4,000 and 10,000 a day, will have a great effect on fighting off disease. If we can’t get it from the sun our next option is supplement with Vitamin D3 (Huff, 2010). All we really need to be healthier is 15 to 20 minutes outside in the summer months, which equals to 20,000 IU of vitamin D taken orally. Vitamin D is very helpful in protecting us from so many different diseases. Daily dosage of above 400 IU will lower the chances ofShow MoreRelatedOzone Depletion And Its Negative Effects On Aquatic Skin1139 Words   |  5 Pages Ozone Depletion and Its Negative Effects on Aquatic Skin The Ozone is made up of three oxygen molecule joint together by covalent bond (O3) which is mostly found in the stratosphere of the Earth. Although it is a poisonous gas, it is important in many ways for human as well as other aquatic and terrestrial animals. But due to the large emission of the halogens and CFCs ozone is being depleted rapidly (Vermishev and Danilov-Danilyan 360-361). The enormous disadvantage of the ozone layer depletionRead More Effect of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion on Aquatic Ecosystems847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion on Aquatic Ecosystems Introduction Throughout the years, advances in technology and scientific development have greatly influenced our global community. Various anthropogenic factors, such as the increased combustion of fossil fuels and widespread usage of manmade chemicals, have greatly affected the planets atmosphere and its ozone layer. Ozone Depletion The stratospheric ozone layer is the Earths natural means of protection fromRead MoreThe Composition Of Sunscreen And Its Interaction With Ultraviolet Radiation1469 Words   |  6 Pagesfabricated items that contain ultraviolet radiation such as tanning beds and special lamps (Frieden, 2015; Lichtenfeld, 2015). Ultraviolet rays are the wavelengths emitted from the sources of ultraviolet radiation. 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Central Idea: Not wearing sunscreen can be very dangerous to you health, and I want to strongly encourage you to apply sunscreen to your skin everyday to avoid major health issue caused by UV rays. Introduction Imagine looking in the mirror and noticing that not only has every feature of your face turned red but also your chest, arms, shoulders, upper back, legs, and feet are red, too. Your skin is tender and hot, but touching it brings youRead MoreThe Ozone Layer And Increasing Levels Of Ultraviolet Radiation938 Words   |  4 Pageswithin contemporary society. Unfortunately, UV rays increase the risk of obtaining skin cancer since they permanently alter the DNA structure within our cells, creating a vast array of mutated cells. Research has shown that melanoma is considered the most serious type of skin cancer due to the development of dark spots on the skin, which develop in basal cells at the base of the epidermis caused by the exposure of ultraviolet rays. This problem with UV rays and its high level of skin cancer could beRead MoreThe Effects of Ozone Depletion Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagescontains a high concentration of ozone molecules. The ozone layer shields the entire Eart h from some of the harmful ultraviolet rays that come from the sun. The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of several layers, but the layer that we live in - the â€Å"troposphere† – is where most weather occurs. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere which is where most of the effects caused by ozone holes and global warming originate. The ozone layer absorbs 97% to about 99% of the Sun’s medium-frequency ultravioletRead MoreClimate Change and Rising Cancer Rates Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesequivalent to the population of Bulgaria. Global warming will also increase exposure to toxic chemicals and heavy rainfall will wash the toxins into the water. The chance of developing cancer is increased due to the enhanced exposure to ultraviolet rays as a result of the deterioration of the ozone layer. What is climate change and how does it happen? Climate change occurs when long-term climate patterns are altered through human activity (such as, industrial pollution and automobile exhaust)Read MoreTypes Of Water Resistant Sunscreen Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of UV radiation that gets through the sunscreens after the submersion in water. It is measured by an ultraviolet monitor in mW/m^2. A controlled variable is the variables that are held constant. Since the investigator wants to study the effect of one particular independent variable, the possibility that other factors are affecting the outcome must be eliminated. The controlled variables in this project are the type of water, amount of sunscreen, time submerged, the amount of UV radiation presentRead MoreOzone Layer Depletion And Its Effects1575 Words   |  7 Pagesup in the Stratosphere that is protecting you every second of every day of your life, this molecule is called ozone. Ozone is made of oxygen and has a c hemical equation of OO2. It is layered all over our Stratosphere and protects us from harmful UV rays from the sun. Without this in our atmosphere, we would mostly likely not live as long on this Earth. Sadly however, this ozone layer is depleting, and has been for the past 45-50 years. Ozone depletion occurs when chemicals in aerosol cans called

Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo Essay Example For Students

Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo Essay rds: phileinwhich means to love and sophia which means wisdom. There are three fundamentalquestions in the field of philosophy which are referred to as the Existential Concerns. What can I know?, What ought I to do?, What is the meaning of life and my place inthe universe? These complex questions are discussed in the basic areas of philosophy. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. The major question in this area is, whatis truth? There are various theories about the correct answer. One explanation is theCorrespondence Theory of Truth. This theorem puts forth the idea that the only real truthhas tangible evidence to back it up. For example, a witness to a crime. That person wasthe only one, other then the direct people involved who know what happened. However,religion and science are two forms that go against this theorem. Another theory is nothingis truth. This consists of the idea that we cannot know anything with certainty. Thefollowers of this theorem are usually classified as being skeptical. Another explanationfor truth is considered Sense Perception. Sense Perception is subjective and relative,therefore it is not a tangible form of knowledge. There is still one more form ofdetermining the truth, mathematics or Intellectual Knowledge. For example, if I were toask you to add two and three, the only true answer you could give me would be five. Theis not a subjective or relative example. Many people consider math to be a universal truth. We will write a custom essay on Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are various questions associated with the area of ethics. Each of them dealwith morals. Morals are defined as the right conduct or duties of a man. The firstquestion is, are there any universal moral values? Moral relativists will either deny or be infavor of the existent of universal values. One instance where I can explain this idea, iswith the Nuremberg trials of 1946. Post World War II, several top officials of the Naziregiment were put on trial for the crimes they committed against humanities. However,they didnt plead guilty. Their defense was that they were simply following orders and thelaws presented by the state. Do you believe that is a suitable reason for their actions? Ifso, you believe that universal moral values do not exist. That each country and/or groupof people have separate rights and wrongs associated with their culture. On the otherhand if you feel that the Axis Powers were correct in putting these officers on trial, thenyou believe that there are basic mor al values, that should be obeyed. The term for this isEqual Dignity. Therefore you believe in a Universal Justice also known as Cicero NaturalLaw Doctrine. The second question that is discussed, when speaking of ethics, is What principlesshould guide my actions or choices? In other words, what do I base my decisions on? Most people judge their behavior by what is good, fair or just. Others by what will bringthem pleasure. These people believe in hedonism. There are individuals that determinetheir actions by fear, self-preservation or instinct. Furthermore another question is, whatmakes a society a just one? There are two sides to this question. A major issue concernedwith this argument is the imprisonment of convicted criminals. On one hand, some peoplebelieve in retributive justice. They understand that one should repay their debt to society,if necessary. They believe in rehabilitation. On the other hand, those who believe indistributive justice are under the concept, that equal we alth is the answer to making asociety just. These people believe that everyone should be treated the same. Finally, the last question dealing with ethics is, what is the relationship betweenlaws and morality? Laws are the rules established by an authority. Many people think thatlaws should be written with the pure intent of creating and therefore, keeping a society inorder. Others feel that laws should be written with moral rights in mind. For instance thetopic of abortion. Although the law was passed that it is legal for a woman to get anabortion, many believe the law in morally wrong. These people believe that, a child is alife from conception and should have the right to live. Whether they are correct or not, isthe law a moral one? Then, the question should be asked who decides what is moral andwhat isnt?Metaphysics is the third area of philosophy. It is the study of the way the worldreally is. Once again there are questions about this topic. An important question is, whatis the ultimate nature of reality? The first answer is that nature is purely physical ormaterial. Therefore everything is simply made of matter and nothing more. An exampleof this, is the brain, simply a part of our body. There is no soul present. Another answeris that nature is spiritual, being non-material. It means that we will experience reality iscompletely spiritual terms, with our soul, an example is the mind. The mind is anintellectual faculty that is in charge of our understanding, memories and opinions. Dualism is the combination of both materialism and spiritualism. It suggests nature ismade up of physical and spiritual elements. Accordingly, it also suggests that the brainand mind act as a team. Another question concerned with metaphysics is, does theuniverse have rational or moral order? Or is it simply absurd? If our universe was absurd,then there would be no goals to set, no purpose in your life. Basically, if it was true ourexistence would just be a bad joke. God is also a topic up for discussion when related to metaphysics. The questionarises of whether or not God created the world. Many cultures have a vast number ofanswers to this question, most deal with religion. The Roman Catholic and Jewishreligions+ believe a single male God created the world in seven days. Ancient Greeks andRomans believed that several female goddesses and male gods created the universe. Withthis question, the meaning of life is also pondered. Cosmology is the study of theuniverse. Various philosophers contemplate the ultimate nature of reality and the originsof the universe. .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .postImageUrl , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:hover , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:visited , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:active { border:0!important; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:active , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction EssayThe three fundamental questions in the field of philosophy, will never be answeredfully. If they were, the world would be neglected of great thinkers, philosophers, such asPlato, Socrates and Amaxander.

Weightlessness free essay sample

The elevator doors opened on the ninth floor and my sneakers squeaked along the shiny tile. Research findings plastered the hall like wallpaper. I rounded the corner to the Cardiovascular Physiology and Space Medicine Laboratory at UT Southwestern Medical School. What initially struck me as clutter was really a mini-museum of space history. Those framed catheters measured astronauts’ arterial pressure during shuttle launches. My spine tingled as I anticipated my research internship. My mentor, Dr. Peter Snell, was a lean, graying three-time Olympic gold medalist now enjoying a career in Exercise Physiology. He is studying the effectiveness of an exercise training regimen to counteract muscular atrophy during prolonged weightlessness. The protocol required a subject, Mr. S, to undergo 37 consecutive days of bed rest. His continuous supine posture limited his entertainment possibilities to sending e-mails, watching movies and listening to music. My role included supervising his daily weight and aerobic training sessions and monitoring the cardiovascular and strength effects of this training. We will write a custom essay sample on Weightlessness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mr. S enjoyed his attentive family and friends but appeared to anticipate my daily appearance. â€Å"Thanks for ‘The Two Towers,’† he said, handing me the DVD. â€Å"Rip Pro time!† laughed the fellow with a goatee. The stale air rising from the sheets reminded me that bed rest was not conducive to thorough bathing. We rolled toward the weight-training equipment. Mr. S, always the comedian, grinned as we rolled up a ramp. â€Å"I always wonder what would happen if you just let go of the gurney and let me whiz down this hill.† We laughed at the thought. I saved the physiological data from the day’s training. Mr. S breathed heavily and exuded an even more pungent aroma as we headed back to the room he called home. I marveled at his ever-positive demeanor. He responded, â€Å"By the last week, I’ll be a grumpy old toot!† When he lifted the dome covering his meal, I felt relief that Mr. S was unaware of my lunch plans. I scooped my scalloped potatoes from the serving dish with the same spoon used by Nobel-Prize winner and tried not to stare at the esteemed figure. Aside from treating me to lunch in the faculty dining room, Dr. Snell had invited me to a Grand Rounds lecture, an intimidating event, and my orange shirt contrasted with the stream of white lab coats. I reveled in the experience nonetheless: all the years of education, the sustained mental effort, the hypothesis for my future. At 4:30, I dropped in to say good-bye to Mr. S. My research mentors taught me astute science lessons. What I learned from Mr. S, however, clarified my passion for human sciences. Subjects are people with personalities, families and needs. A good scientist or doctor acknowledges the whole person, and treats much more than physical maladies.

Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essays

Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essays Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essay Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Essay Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: Coca-Cola India’s Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy 1. What are the challenges faced by Coke in India? In 2003, Coca-Cola faced charges in India, on the claim that its products contained residues of pesticides which passed the global standards limit. These chemicals cause diseases such as birth defects and cancer. This resulted to the ban of the company from India, by the Indian government. Later, after re-entering the Indian market, they faced the challenge on the accusation that they used too much water in making their products. It has also been accused of depleting India’s environment by dumping toxic wastes. These issues have led to the shortage of water in the communities located around the company’s bottling plants. 2. What are the measures that taken by Coke to address these challenges? The company denied the pesticide allegations, stating that they would provide the public with proof and threatened to sue CSE. On the issue of water, it responded by establishing various projects that ensured the recycling of water in these plants. This has been done through rain harvesting, on the claim that the ground water used is recharged back five times. It is also spending millions of dollars investing on its strategy to become water neutral in India. 3. What is the rationale behind Coke’s corporate social measures in India? The company’s corporate social measures on becoming water neutral have received criticism and allegations that the company is investing in covering its image. The company also seeks to win the trust of consumers, in order for their sales to increase. 4. What kind of a strategy did Coke use to respond to its social responsibility problems? The company used a water neutral strategy to respond to its social responsibility problems. After the accusations of water shortages due to the company’s production system, it announced that it was investing on becoming water neutral when producing and manufacturing its products. It also established rain harvesting on various areas in India, where the company’s production units were situated. 5. Do you think that Coke used the CSR initiatives in India as a tool to maintain its sustainability? Or only as a green washing effort? I think the company used the CSR initiatives in India only as a green washing effort. There have been various allegations that the company is investing on brain washing the community, rather than correcting its short comings. Critics complain that the company has not changed its operations, despite its claims on caring for the environment. On its claim that the used is recharged back five times through the rain harvesting project is false. When the company was asked later how it measured this, it said did not have any mechanisms to measure the water recharged. The company also had to be forced to meet its recommendation on the closing the plant in Kala Dera. 6. Does coke’s business model succeed in integrating CSR initiatives in the value charter of the company and How? Coke’s business model has succeeded in integrating CSR initiatives in the value charter of the company. This has been achieved through the company’s various initiatives on the reduction of consumption of water. It has established new production facilities and plants for the treatment of waste water. This includes the water neutral strategy and the rain harvesting projects. The company also ensures that it package bottles are washable and return back to the company, such that they can be recycled. In this, the company has reduced its production. Reference Amit, Srivastava. (2008). Coca-Cola Continues Unethical and Dishonest Practices in India Company Must Follow Recommendations of Company Funded Study: Shut Down Kala Dera Bottling Plant. Retrieved from indiaresource.org/campaigns/coke/2008/kaladeraunethical.html Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J. (2012). Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage: concepts and cases. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

America’s Mergence of Personal and Public Realms in Arendt’s The Human Condition

United Human Integration in Arendt's Personal and Public Areas The United States is a superpower and is undoubtedly the most dominant country in the world. But emphasizing this advantage is some of the problems that American society faces. Among these problems, Hannah Arendt called the fusion of individuals and the public domain as the rise of society. This major problem has created many other problems and is therefore chosen as the root cause of suffering in modern American society. In 1958's work The situation of mankind, Arendt defined the public sphere according to intense struggle. There are two important concepts related to the definition of her public domain: visibility and humanity. First of all, for Arendt, the public domain is the space where people can appear. As long as they are restricted to private areas, people become helpless, but private areas are dominated by intimacy. But once people become public, they gain reality and strength without saying anything, otherwise t hey can not understand (Arendt, 1998, p. 50). Protest at Tiananmen Square explains this point. Protestors took advantage of the fact that many international TV crews happened to participate in Mikhail Gorbachev's visit record. For Arendt, the lack of an overall definition of the private sector compared to the nature of the public domain. She wrote, public, First, you can see and hear everything publicly visible for us - appearance - look at others with others From seeing yourself - from the reality you have seen and heard even the most intimate life force leads to uncertain and dark existence, but she continues to say that she can change the richness of private life I am. In order to overcome such a situation, appearance of the public according to their body type. She pointed out that the means to achieve this change is art. If colonies become self-sufficient, Arendtian's prerequisites for entering the public domain are satisfied. Arendt discussed two major areas - public domain an d private sector - (Arendt, human condition). The private sector is an essential item, with labor usually falling with families. If colonies are self-sufficient, it means that they must take care of the necessity, and it is necessary to consider the labor of each colony member who will be used for colonial maintenance or scientific research We will guarantee. Of course, it is the individual's responsibility to satisfy familiar needs. However, once the private realm is realized, people can enter the public domain and participate in politics.

GLOBALIZATION QUESTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GLOBALIZATION QUESTION - Essay Example Religious practices derive meaning and force from integration with cultural beliefs and practices. Across different denominations, religion derives its truth value from its dependence and connection with the cultural fabric. Religious truth is based on the ability of the underlying tradition to provide its followers with a predefined worldview over a long period of time. Moreover, the world view should have meaning, Lead to physical and spiritual integration, moral guidance, hope and faith in both the present and the future. Religions like Christianity, zoroasticism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam claim absolute validity but it is expressed through different structures (Mary, 17). From history, most religions were recognized nationally and thus force followers to recognize its teachings for example, Islam in Arab countries. Religious truth is contradicted by the relative interpretations adopted to define situations and preferably make them fit into the speaker’s worldview. For in stance, in the early Greek philosophy, Socrates used truth as claptrap for the public orators through the use of conventional notions (Kluckhohn 6). The opposition between nature and convection hinders man from speaking out his mind but rather to conform to what the society believes in. The confusion leads to lack of a clear cut definition of what is considered as conventional and natural truth. According to Conze (153), naturally, all shameful things are evil like injustice is shunned by men and only slaves are meant to suffer injustice. In Buddhism teachings, common sense and spiritual truth are considered to be the two distinct categories of truth that exist. According to the doctrine, both truths coexist and are the basis of the Budhi religion (Bodhi 20) . Through several assertions, Christianity professes the existence of doctrinal truth. For instance, Jesus Christ is considered to be the truth in the doctrine through his words â€Å"I am the way and the truth and the life, no one comes to the father but through me’ (Stephen 45). In Hinduism, truth is part of the ten religious attributes of Dharma. Believers are required to be truthful and to speak only of what they have seen and understood. For example, in India, â€Å"Rishi†, truth, entails existence, truth of ones being, and truth of being God (Kluckhohn 367). In Judaism, in the old testament, truth is the word of God and followers believe that spiritual leaders are truthful and have power to deliver divine intervention. Despite the difference in religious symbols from one culture to another, they serve the same purpose of helping the society deal with issues that are beyond human control. However, the system is based on simple truths as defined by different societies. For example, Christianity and Buddhism shun laziness and encourage independence, courage, endurance, and desire to live for the good of everyone. In Christianity, a man’s divinity in his feelings is more important t han concepts because the desire to live up to the concepts causes contradiction in his or her character (Goody 97). Religion creates consciousness in individuals in how he should relate with others and use the lessons to sail through life’s tribulations positively. Religions are part of culture in different societie

Corrections Facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corrections Facilities - Essay Example There is an argument on whether harsh sentences deter offenders from their criminal actions or turn them into more violent and hardened criminals. Incapacitation is another major objective of the correctional system all over the world. The corrections system, by locking up offenders, effectively keeps them off the streets. There is a general agreement that keeping offenders in prisons prevents them from preying on the society. Another goal of the correctional system is making sure that offenders pay a debt to their victims and the society as a whole. This is referred to as restitution. Offenders do this through performing public services such as picking up trash and also contribute financially directly to their victims. This form of punishment has in recent times been emphasized though it can prove difficult to carry out. Deterrence is another important objective of the corrections system. Many people believe that the threat of prison and other punitive measures deter would be offenders from carrying out criminal activities. However, hardened criminals do not seem to fear this threat but go ahead and involve themselves in crim inal activities. ... Rehabilitation seeks to help criminal offenders become upright citizens who can contribute to society in a positive way. Rehabilitating offenders will also ensure that they don't go back to their past criminal way after completing their sentence. Among the goals of the correctional system, rehabilitation is by far the most difficult task. This is so because of various reasons such as: The state of the prisons. Since a prison is designed almost exclusively for criminals, some convicted felons tend to become hardened rather instead of becoming good citizens. This is in contrast to the rehabilitative objective of the correctional system. Some people are considered to be inherently criminal. They have no interest whatsoever in reverting their old ways. (Rothman 29) Is the current system meeting the basic expectations The recent years has seen a sharp increase in the number of offenders being dealt with in the United States correctional system. According to the US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2007, there were over seven million either on probation, on parole or in jail or prison. This is at least 3.2% of the entire adult population. By mid 2008, 1,610,584 Americans were serving their time in jail or prison. (Bureau of Justice) This basically means one thing; the correctional system is not working effectively as it ought to be. Before we hurry to put the blame on the United States Justice System, it is important to note that that general trend is experienced in almost the whole of the rest of the world. There are heated debates nowadays on how to reform the correctional system and the justice system as a whole. The debates take wide ranging